https://sacredlandscapes.org/omeka/items/show/386
title: An engraving of James Francis Edward Stuart (also known as the Old Pretender). In normal circumstances James would have been king of Scotland and England but legislation was passed banning Roman Catholics from the throne. (Credit: National Galleries of Scotland)
contributor: Bess Rhodes
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

An engraving of King Charles II by William Fairthorne. (Credit: National Galleries of Scotland)
contributor: Bess Rhodes
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Anstruther
description: Anstruther /ˈænstrəðər/ (Locally Ainster /ˈɛnstər/ Scottish Gaelic: Ànsruthair) is a small coastal resort town in Fife, Scotland, situated on the north-shore of the Firth of Forth[7] and 9 mi (14 km) south-southeast of St Andrews. The town comprises two settlements, Anstruther Easter and Anstruther Wester,[7] which are divided by a stream, the Dreel Burn. With a population of 3,500, it is the largest community on the Firth of Forth's north-shore coastline known as the East Neuk. To the east, it merges with the village of Cellardyke.
source: sacredsandscapesoffife
contributor: eulac3d
type: Site

Anstruther Baptist Church (2007) (Source: © Copyright 2021, SCHR Ltd)
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Anstruther Church, exterior, from south east (Source: R. Fawcett)
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type: Still Image

Anstruther Easter Parish Church
description: In 1641 Anstruther Easter was separated from Kilrenny and became the smallest parish by area in Scotland at the time. Construction of a church begun in 1634, and it was ready for use by 1641, with a steeple and bell added in 1644. In a tribute to the town’s fishing heritage, a salmon shaped weather cock was located at the top of the church spire. Renovations were carried out in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, with notable features including an east window including stained glass depictions of St. Peter and St. Philip (1905), The Miraculous Catch, Christ Stilling the Storm, St. John and St. Andrew (1907). In 1961 the decision was taken to unite the parish churches of Anstruther Wester and Easter, and the more modern church at Easter was chosen for the new congregation which took the name Anstruther (St Adrian's) Parish Church. In 2016 a further union took places between the Parish Churches of Anstruther and Cellardyke, with the congregation choosing to call the new entity, St Ayle Parish Church.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1640
type: Site

Anstruther Easter Parish Church (Source: Bess Rhodes 2021)
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Anstruther Easter, St Adrian’s (Source: © Copyright Richard Sutcliffe and licensed for reuse under this Creative Commons Licence)
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Anstruther Erskine United Free Church (2007) (Source: © Copyright 2021, SCHR Ltd)
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Anstruther Evangelical Church (2007) (Source: © Copyright 2021, SCHR Ltd)
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Anstruther St Nicholas, 1844, Taylor (Source: R. Fawcett)
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Anstruther Wester (Source: Bess Rhodes 2021)
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type: Still Image

Anstruther Wester Parish Church
description: The parish church of Anstruther Wester is first documented in 1225 when it was under the patronage of the monks of Isle of May. Dedicated to St Nicholas, patron saint of seafarers, by the later middle ages, the church was a large and complex structure with an impressive west tower added in the late fifteenth or early sixteenth century. The church itself survived largely intact until the 1840s and was adapted for Protestant use following the Reformation through the abandonment of the choir and, eventually the north aisle. In 1846 it was substantially remodelled, with only the tower surviving from the medieval structure. In 1961 the decision was taken to unite the parish churches of Anstruther Wester and Easter. The Wester church was deconsecrated in 1970 and converted into a Hall named after Hew Scott, a nineteenth-century minister, before changing its name again in 2014 to the Dreel Halls. In combination with the old town hall, since 2014 it has been owned and managed by Anstruther Improvements Association and serves as a community space for events, children’s groups and exhibitions.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1220
type: Site

Anti-Burgher Church, Pathhead
description: The Anti-Burgher Congregation in Dysart was formed in 1747. In the early years they met in an old barn before constructing their own church in 1763 at a cost of £100. It was capable of sitting 795. It was located in Pathhead, which, although now in Kirkcaldy, was in the parish of Dysart at the time. In 1820 the minister of the Anti-Burgher Church, Thomas Gray, opposed the union with the Burgher’s, losing around 2/5 of his congregation in the process to the new Union Church in Kirkcaldy. In 1845 his church was one of the two dissenting chapels in the parish noted by David Murray, the minister of the new Barony Church. He estimated they had a combined congregation of 800-900. In 1852 the congregation voted by a majority of 40 to 6 to merge with the Free Church, after which they became known as Dunnikier Free Church. In 1901 the church was sold and the congregation moved to a new building on Dunnikier Road. The church was demolished in 1967.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1760
type: Site

Arthropleura Tracks
subject: Geology
source: fifesprehistoricpast
contributor: bg45
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Arthropleura Tracks, St Andrews
subject: Immovable Culture Heritage,Geology
description: Arthropleura tracks near St Andrews, a cast of them can be seen in MUSA, the Scores, St Andrews
source: fifesprehistoricpast
format: image/jpeg
type: 3D Object

Ayton Chapel, Dunbog
description: The origins of the ruined chapel at Ayton are unclear, although it has (probably incorrectly) sometimes been thought to be the same site as a chapel granted to Arbroath Abbey in the 1170s. A church is shown at Ayton on James Gordon’s manuscript map of Fife (created in the 1640s) and on Joan Blaeu’s map of Fife (published in the 1650s). The surviving ruins appear to be early modern and have a carved stone armorial panel with the date 1683. Ayton Chapel was already abandoned in the nineteenth century when it was depicted as a ruin by the Ordnance Survey. There was formerly a burial ground associated with the chapel.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
contributor: Natalia Nikitin
type: Site

Balchrystie Roy map
description: Balchrysty and its surroundings on the eighteenth-century Roy Military Survey.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
format: image/png
type: Still Image

Ballinbreich Castle Chapel / Chapel Hill / Glenduckie Chapel, Ballinbreich
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
contributor: Natalia Nikitin
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Ballinbreich Castle Chapel / Chapel Hill / Glenduckie Chapel, Ballinbreich
description: There is thought to have been a chapel located slightly to the east of the ruins of Ballinbreich Castle. In the 1840s it was noted that ‘the foundations of an ecclesiastical edifice’ could still be seen here. It is possible that this was the site of the medieval chapel of Glenduckie. If so, the chapel was already in existence in the 1450s and continued as a place of worship until at least the 1680s.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1450
contributor: Natalia Nikitin
type: Site

Balmerino Abbey, Balmerino
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
contributor: Natalia Nikitin
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Balmerino Abbey, Balmerino
description: Balmerino Abbey was founded in the 1220s by Queen Ermengarde and her son Alexander II. The new monastery at Balmerino was a Cistercian community, and was established with the assistance of monks from Melrose Abbey. Balmerino was a relatively small monastery and appears to have had some financial difficulties during the Middle Ages. It has been suggested that Balmerino struggled to compete for resources with the larger and richer religious houses at Lindores and St Andrews. On the evening of Christmas Day 1547 an English raiding party burned Balmerino Abbey, supposedly after Scottish forces had shot with hackbuts from the religious site. The extent of the damage done by the raiders is unclear, and by 1555 at least eight monks appear to have been living in the abbey. Soon afterwards, the Reformation rising of 1559 ended monastic life at Balmerino, although it is possible that the church continued to be used for parish worship until about 1611. Today the chapter house and a sixteenth-century residence are the most notable extant remains. As late as the 1780s stones from the abbey site were being removed for local building projects.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1220
contributor: Natalia Nikitin
type: Site

Balmerino Old Parish Church, Balmerino
subject: Immovable Culture Heritage
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
contributor: Natalia Nikitin
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Balmerino Old Parish Church, Balmerino
description: The burial ground towards the southern edge of Kirkton of Balmerino reflects the site of the old parish church. According to local legend the parish church moved here from Balmerino Abbey in 1611 because the aristocratic family who then owned the abbey precinct ‘could not bear the noise of the psalms on Sunday’. The ‘Kirk of Balmerinoch’ is clearly marked on the early seventeenth-century map of Fife created by Robert Gordon (where it is shown in a similar position to the surviving burial ground). Around 1811 a new parish church was completed nearer to Bottomcraig and the church at Kirkton of Balmerino was abandoned. By the mid-nineteenth century the old parish church was marked on maps as ‘ruins’. The wider site continued in use as a graveyard – a function it still serves today.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1610?
contributor: Natalia Nikitin
type: Site

Balmerino Parish Church
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
contributor: Natalia Nikitin
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Balmerino Parish Church
description: Balmerino Parish Church opened in 1811. Previously the residents of Balmerino had worshipped at an older church in Kirkton of Balmerino. In 1838 Balmerino Parish Church was described as ‘a plain building without any ornament’. However, in the 1880s the church was remodelled to provide more seating and additional exterior and interior decoration was added at this time. In the 1930s the Church of Scotland united Balmerino with the nearby congregation at Gauldry. Worship continued in both churches until the early twenty-first century. Balmerino is now united with the parish of Wormit.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1810
contributor: Natalia Nikitin
type: Site

Balmullo Anti-Burgher Church
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
contributor: Natalia Nikitin
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Balmullo Anti-Burgher Church
description: During the eighteenth century there was an Anti-Burgher congregation in Balmullo. The Anti-Burghers were one of a number of Protestant dissenting groups in Fife at this time and arose from a split within the Secession Church in the 1740s (the Secession Church having previously split from the Church of Scotland in the 1730s). In the 1790s there were apparently 22 members of the Anti-Burgher Church living in the parish of Leuchars. Their meeting place is uncertain, as is much of the congregation’s history.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1740?
contributor: Natalia Nikitin
type: Site

Balmullo Burgher Chapel
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
contributor: Natalia Nikitin
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Balmullo Burgher Chapel
description: In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries there was a Burgher Chapel located on the north side of Balmullo, near what is now Smithy Lane. The Burghers arose from a split within the Secession Church in the 1740s (the Secession Church having previously split from the Church of Scotland in the 1730s). In the 1790s there were only 13 members of the Burgher Church living in the parish of Leuchars. However, by the 1840s the church apparently had 70 members. The New Statistical Account records that the members of the Burgher Chapel had built their minister “a small manse” and provided him with “two acres for a cow’s grass”. The Burgher Chapel is marked on the 1855 Ordnance Survey Map of Fife, but does not appear on late nineteenth-century OS Maps.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 18th Century?
contributor: Natalia Nikitin
type: Site

Bankhead Brae in Crail. An Episcopal chapel was located in this area during the early eighteenth century. (Source: Open Virtual Worlds / University of St Andrews.)
contributor: Bess Rhodes
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Baptist Chapel, East Green, Anstruther Easter
description: The church was formed following a visit to the town by James Haldane in 1812, and meetings were held thereafter in the building known as the Tabernacle. In 1839 the congregation split into two sects (Baptists and Paedo-Baptists), who shared the building until 1860 when the Baptists they moved into a new chapel on the East Green. It had seating for 220 people, and was enlarged with a further 120 seats in 1882. In 2003 a union between the Baptist congregations at Pittenweem and Anstruther formed what is now known as the Coastline Community Church. They moved in new premises in Pittenweem, and the chapel in Anstruther is no longer in use.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1860
type: Site

Baptist Chapel, South Side of High Street
description: In 1808 a Baptist chapel was founded in Newburgh. The congregation was established by Archibald McLean, who was leading figure in the Scotch Baptists (a group which developed in Edinburgh in the eighteenth-century and was rather more hardline than the English Baptist tradition). The congregation initially worshipped in a chapel on the south side of the High Street in a wynd known as Mr Ramsay’s Close. The first pastor of the congregation was a linen manufacturer called James Wilkie. He was succeeded in around 1840 by Alexander Craighead – who also served as school-master and post-master of Newburgh. Craighead was a skilled Hebrew scholar and apparently ‘revelled in the Book of God in the original language’. One of the last pastors of what became known as the ‘Old Chapel’ was James Wood, who was converted to Baptist beliefs by his wife Christian Wilkie. Wood was baptised in the River Tay and, together with his spouse, helped expand the Baptist congregation in Newburgh. In the 1880s the Baptists moved to a larger church on the north side of the High Street. The fate of the original chapel on Ramsay’s Close is uncertain.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
contributor: Bess Rhodes
type: Site

Baptist Church, Inverkeithing
description: In the early 1900s a revival moment swept through Fife and led to the formation Inverkeithing’s Baptist Church. A mission was first planted in the town in 1903, and following its success, particularly among quarry workers, a Church was founded in 1905. They met initially in the Music Hall, finally building their own church in 1917. A new building was constructed on the same site in 1980 and is still active with a congregation of 35-40.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1910
type: Site

Baptist Church, North Side of High Street
description: The Baptist Chapel on the north side of the High Street in Newburgh was built in the early 1880s. It replaced an earlier chapel on a wynd on the south side of the same street. The funds for the new building were largely raised by James W. Wood, who was chairman of Tayside Floorcloth Company. Around this time several Baptists (including Wood) were influential on the Newburgh town council. The Baptists seem to have had a presence in Newburgh beyond the official membership of their church. In the early 1900s the pastor noted that while the Newburgh Baptist Church had about thirty ‘regular adherents’ (presumably people who could be relied upon to attend Sunday services), the ‘average attendance’ at their Wednesday evening prayer meeting was forty people, and that between forty and fifty also attended their ‘class’ (possibly a reference to some form of Sunday school). An active Baptist congregation continued in Newburgh into the early twenty-first century. However, in the 2010s the church closed. The former Baptist church has since been converted into a house.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1880
contributor: Bess Rhodes
type: Site

Baptist Church, Pittenweem
contributor: Natalia Nikitin
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Baptist Church, Pittenweem
description: Current use: Residential.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1900
contributor: Natalia Nikitin
type: Site

Baptist Church, St Andrews
description: There has been a Baptist church on South Street since the early 1840s. When the original church opened it had seating for 250 people. The main space for worship was on the first floor and there were shops below. Around 1900 the church was remodelled by the architects Gillespie and Scott, creating the building that the Baptist congregation uses today.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife,latemodern
date: 1840
contributor: Bess Rhodes
type: Site

Barony Church, Normand Road, Dysart
description: In 1802-03 a new parish church was constructed in Dysart and the congregation moved from St Serf’s in an event known locally as the year of the big flittin. Known as the Barony Church and capable of sitting 1600 people, it was located to the north of the old parish church at the top of the town. Designed by Alexander Laing, David Murray described it as a neat plain building in 1845, by which point the congregation was around 1200. A hall was added to the building in 1932. In 1972 the congregation merged with St. Serf's United Free Church to become Dysart Parish Church and moved to the latter’s building in the West Port. Until 1997 it was used by the Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA), and recently it has been converted into affordable housing as part of Fife Historic Buildings Trust project (2008-2014).
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1800
type: Site

https://sacredlandscapes.org/omeka/items/show/319
title: Bishop George Hay was the Roman Catholic leader responsible for Lowland Scotland in the late eighteenth century. In 1779 Hay's house in Edinburgh was burned during anti-Catholic protests. (Credit: G.A. Periam / Wikimedia)
contributor: Bess Rhodes
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Bishop John Strain - the first Archbishop of St Andrews and Edinburgh after the Roman Catholic hierarchy was reintroduced to Scotland. (Credit: Wikimedia)
contributor: Bess Rhodes
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Black Friars, St Andrews
description: The Dominican order (or black friars) arrived in St Andrews during the fifteenth century. There are references to a Dominican place or house in St Andrews in the 1440s. This was then developed into a fully established friary at the start of the sixteenth century, occupying a prime location on South Street. To support the new foundation funds were diverted from the black friars’ sites in Cupar and St Monans – a move that was justified on the basis that St Monans was merely a poor fishing village and Cupar was increasingly impoverished, while the presence of a university in St Andrews meant it was a suitable place for educated men. The Dominicans played a significant role in St Andrews during the early sixteenth century, preaching regularly, engaging with education, and taking part in major heresy trials. In 1559 the Dominicans’ buildings were attacked by Protestant activists and the friars ‘violently expelled’. The black friars’ site was later handed over to the St Andrew burgh council with the intention that it should support education, care for the poor and sick, and fund the new Protestant ministry.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1440
contributor: Bess Rhodes
type: Site

Boarhills Church / Chesterhill Chapel
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
contributor: Natalia Nikitin
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Boarhills Church / Chesterhill Chapel
description: Boarhills Church was founded in the 1860s. The building was designed by George Rae. When the church was being constructed several stone cists were supposedly found – implying that the site may have had a religious purpose in the Early Middle Ages. In the mid-twentieth century Boarhills was united with Dunino. The final service at Boarhills was held in 2016. The church has since been sold and converted into a house.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1860
contributor: Natalia Nikitin
type: Site

Braehead Evangelical church
description: Braehead church, 2023.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Braehead Evangelical Church, St Monans
description: Braehead Church, 2023. (B. Rhodes)
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
contributor: Natalia Nikitin
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Braehead Evangelical Church, St Monans
description: Braehead Church was built in the 1870s. It originally housed a Free Church Congregation. Following the union of the United Free Church and the Church of Scotland in 1929, the church became known as St Monans Braehead. Church of Scotland services continued at Braehead until 1939. In 1947 the Church of Scotland sold the site. As of 2023, the building was occupied by a congregation affiliated to the Fellowship of Independent Evangelical Churches.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1870
contributor: Natalia Nikitin
type: Site

Bruce of Culross and Carnock Monument (Source: Bess Rhodes)
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Buckhaven and Wemyss Parish Church (Source: Presbytery of Kirkcaldy, 2021)
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Buckhaven Baptist Church
description: Buckhaven’s Baptist Church was formed in the early 1900s as part of a wider revival moment in Fife. The earliest mission began in November of 1908, with a church formally founded in 1910. This early congregation had 20 members and met in the Rechabite Hall, before building their own church in College Street in 1915. Capable of seating 200, it was built by G. C Campbell. The congregation remains active and has been on the same site for more than a century.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1910
type: Site

Buckhaven Baptist Church (Source: Amanda Gow, 2007)
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Buckhaven Baptist Church (Source: Bess Rhodes, 2021)
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Buckhaven Christian Fellowship
description: The Buckhaven Christian Fellowship moved into the building on Institution Street in 1969. It had formerly been a United Free Church constructed in 1934. The Fellowship were a Pentecostal Church, originally known as the Assembly of God. The group had left the site some time before 2006, when it the building was demolished and sold to make way for houses.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1970
type: Site

Buckhaven Church of God
description: The Buckhaven Church of God was formed as a breakaway from the Open Brethren in 1986. They are an evangelical organisation part of the global organisation known as the Churches of God. The church is still active.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1980?
type: Site

Buckhaven Church of God (Bess Rhodes, 2021)
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Buckhaven Church of God (Source: Amanda Gow, 2007).
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Buckhaven Kingdom Hall of Jehovah’s Witnesses (Source: Amanda Gow, 2007)
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Buckhaven Links Church
description: In 1739 a Buckhaven resident and one of the elders of Wemyss Parish Church, Mr John Thomson, seceded from the Church of Scotland with a number of others and joined the Burgher Church. They attended first Bethelfield Associate Church in Kirkcaldy, and later Kennoway Arnot Church (after 1750), before in 1792 a number of local residents applied to the Burgher Presbytery of Dunfermline to form a congregation in Buckhaven. This was accepted, and a congregation numbering around 90 was formed in 1794, moving into their own church on the Links in 1795. By 1869, now part of the United Presbyterian Church, the decision was taken to construct a new, larger, place of worship on Church Street. The old links church was converted into houses, and the whole area was buried under refuse from Wellesley colliery in the early 1900s.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1790
type: Site

Buckhaven Parish Church (formerly St Davids) (Source: Bess Rhodes, 2021)
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Buckhaven Salvation Army (Source: Bess Rhodes, 2021)
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Building Stones of Crail
source: fifesprehistoricpast
contributor: bg45
format: application/pdf
type: Text

Building Stones of St Andrews
subject: Immovable Culture Heritage,Geology
description: A guide to the stones used to build St Andrews.
source: fifesprehistoricpast
contributor: bg45
format: application/pdf
type: Text

Building Stones of St Andrews
description: A walking guide to the stones that St Andrews is built with.
source: fifesprehistoricpast
contributor: bg45
type: Site

Burgher Church / United Presbyterian Church
description: A Burgher Church was built on the west side of Clinton Street in the 1780s. The Burghers were a break-away movement from the Church of Scotland and enjoyed considerable support in Newburgh. In the 1790s the local Church of Scotland minister commented that the ‘Burgher Seceders may exceed one third of the whole inhabitants of the parish’. In the 1820s most of the Burgher churches in Scotland joined with the Anti-Burghers (a related movement which adopted a more severe line on engagement in civic life) to create the new United Secession Church. Not long after this, in the 1830s, the church on the west side of Clinton Street was expanded. In 1847 there was further reorganisation and the congregation became part of the United Presbyterians. Sadly for much of the late nineteenth century the congregation was split by bitter feuding, and in the 1890s the minister John Brown apparently gave ‘serious offence to a large section of his people’ by a controversial sermon on the evils of alcohol. At the start of the twentieth century the congregation became known as Newburgh West United Free Church (following the union of the United Presbyterians and the Free Church). However, numbers attending the church had already declined significantly. By 1912 the site seems to have stopped being used for worship and was functioning as a drill hall. The former church was used by Polish units during the Second World War. It later became a weaving centre and now serves as holiday accommodation.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1780
contributor: Bess Rhodes
type: Site

Burgher Kirk, Imries Close, St Andrews
description: During the 1730s a section of the Church of Scotland was unhappy with how ministers were appointed and the allocation of religious wealth. They formed a break-away group known as the Secession Church. This then split again in the late 1740s, leading to the creation of the Burgher Church. In St Andrews the members of the Burgher Church met in an old barn on Imrie’s Close. This was used as a place of worship between 1749 and 1774. In the mid-twentieth century there were plans to demolish the former kirk, but the property was rescued and restored by the St Andrews Preservation Trust. It is now a small house.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1740
contributor: Bess Rhodes
type: Site

Burgher Meeting House, 141 South Street, St Andrews
description: In 1774 the Burgher congregation in St Andrews moved to a building in a yard on the north side of South Street. This property still exists and is now faced in yellow harling. The congregation does not seem to have been particularly large. In 1793 only 91 dissenters ‘of all denominations’ were recorded in the burgh of St Andrews, with a further five dissenters in the suburb of Argyle. The congregation relocated to a house on North Street in 1826.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1770
contributor: Bess Rhodes
type: Site

Burntisland
description: Burntisland (/bɜːrntˈaɪlənd/, Scots: Bruntisland) is a former royal burgh and parish in Fife, Scotland, on the northern shore of the Firth of Forth. According to the 2011 census, the town has a population of 6,269.
source: sacredsandscapesoffife
contributor: eulac3d
type: Site

https://sacredlandscapes.org/omeka/items/show/362
title: Burntisland Parish Church was one of the first churches built in Fife after the Reformation. It was designed for listeners to be able to focus on the preaching and formed a major departure from the traditional layout of churches. (Credit: Open Virtual Worlds / University of St Andrews)
contributor: Bess Rhodes
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Burntisland Parish Church, East Leven Street
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
contributor: Natalia Nikitin
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Burntisland Parish Church, East Leven Street
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1590
contributor: Natalia Nikitin
type: Site

Burntisland Parish Kirk
description: Dating from 1592, St. Columba's is the oldest pre-Reformation kirk still in use. In 1601, it was the venue of the General Assembly, held in the presence of King James VI, at which the need for a new translation of the Bible was suggested. The idea materialised a decade later with the appearance of the Authorised Version, known as the 'King James Bible', printed in England in 1611.
source: sacredsandscapesoffife
contributor: eulac3d
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

c. 1525 – 1530 Lutheran Ideas Begin to Spread in Fife
description: In 1517 the German academic Martin Luther published a series of criticisms of the Roman Catholic Church. Luther’s protest rapidly developed into an international religious crisis, which would ultimately lead to the creation of the movement we now term ‘Protestantism’. By the middle of the 1520s the writings of Luther and his supporters were being smuggled into Fife. Contemporary spies record that St Andrews was one of the main ports where this ‘heretical’ literature was brought into Scotland.
source: timelineoffifesreli
date: 1525
type: Event

c. 1550 – 1559 Archbishop Hamilton Supports Roman Catholic Reform
description: During the 1550s a number of Roman Catholics worked to bring improvements to the Church in Scotland. Fife was at the heart of this movement, which was backed by John Hamilton, the new archbishop of St Andrews. This period saw efforts to improve the education of churchmen and to encourage better communication with lay men and women. Regular preaching was encouraged. Hamilton also supported the printing of a short summary of core Roman Catholic beliefs. This summary (or catechism) was in Scots and was meant to be read aloud in church on Sundays and holy days.
source: timelineoffifesreli
date: 1550
type: Event

c.1070 Queen Margaret Supports Religious Change
description: Around 1070 King Malcolm III’s wife Margaret (later known as St Margaret of Scotland) brought a group of Benedictine monks to Dunfermline. The Benedictines were the commonest monastic order in Western Europe at that time. Over succeeding years Margaret tried to bring religious practices in Scotland in line with customs in Continental Europe. Margaret also encouraged pilgrimage to St Andrews, and set up a new ferry and hostel for pilgrims crossing the Forth. This was the origin of North and South Queensferry.
source: timelineoffifesreli
date: 1070
type: Event

c.1124 – 1153 David I Reorganises Scottish Parishes and Dioceses
description: King David I (one of the sons of Margaret and Malcolm III) supported major changes in the Scottish Church. He increased the number of bishops and gave them oversight of dioceses organised in a similar fashion to Continental Europe. He also backed a rearranging of Scottish parishes, to make them function more like parishes in France and England. The parish boundaries established in Fife at this time survived for many centuries, and in some places still affect the shape of parishes today.
source: timelineoffifesreli
date: 1124
language: English
type: Event

c.1130 – 1230 New Religious Orders Introduced to Fife
description: The late eleventh and early twelfth centuries saw a wish for monks to follow stricter rules. A number of new religious orders such as the Cluniacs and the Cistercians were founded, who led a more austere way of life. The Scottish royal family proved enthusiastic supporters of the new monastic orders and helped introduce them to Fife. The period between about 1130 and 1230 saw the Cluniacs established on the Isle of May, new Cistercian monasteries founded at Balmerino and Culross, and a Tironesian Abbey set up at Lindores. At this time the Augustinian order also founded communities of canons at St Andrews, Loch Leven and Inchcolm.
source: timelineoffifesreli
date: 1130
language: English
type: Event

c.1160 – 1318 A New Cathedral is Built at St Andrews
description: In the 1160s work began on a grand new cathedral at St Andrews (to replace the smaller church now known as St Rule’s which was then in use). The new cathedral was the largest roofed space constructed in Scotland in the Middle Ages. It took more than 150 years to build, and was eventually consecrated in 1318. The consecration ceremony (when it was officially blessed) was attended by King Robert the Bruce.
source: timelineoffifesreli
date: 1160
language: English
type: Event

c.1400 – 1559 Expanding Churches
description: The fifteenth and early sixteenth centuries saw major building projects at many Fife churches. New churches were built and old ones remodelled. The parish churches at St Andrews and Cupar were rebuilt at this time. Late medieval bell towers survive at both these churches, and at Anstruther Wester, Inverkeithing, and Kilrenny. This building boom was made possible by donations from churchmen and lay people anxious to save their souls by giving generously to the church.
source: timelineoffifesreli
date: 1400
type: Event

c.1560 – 1570 Establishing a Reformed Church
description: The Reformation Parliament of 1560 saw Scotland officially declared a Protestant country. However, it took time to establish the structures of a Reformed Church across the nation. Fife was at the forefront of this movement. Local church courts, known as kirk sessions, were key to imposing religious change on the wider population. The kirk sessions ensured that people attended church on Sundays, prosecuted moral lapses (such as drunkenness, adultery, and slander), and took action against religious dissenters. Holy Trinity Church in St Andrews has the earliest kirk session records in Scotland – beginning in the late summer of 1559.
source: timelineoffifesreli
date: 1560
type: Event

c.300 – 400 Arrival of Christianity in Scotland
description: Christianity was introduced to Southern Scotland during the Roman occupation of Britain. It is possible that some Christian communities survived the departure of the Romans and the subsequent period of migration and political change.
source: timelineoffifesreli
date: 300
language: English
type: Event

c.400 – 600 First Evidence for Christianity in Fife
description: The earliest evidence for Christianity in Fife comes from Christian symbols on carved stones and in caves. Early examples include the carvings on the Skeith Stone (which was found near Kilrenny) and cross markings at Caiplie Caves. These carvings probably date from the fifth and sixth centuries, and suggest that Christian missionaries were active in Fife at this time. St Serf (who is often associated with the areas around Loch Leven and Culross) and St Ethernan (who was supposedly buried on the Isle of May) were perhaps part of these early missions.
source: timelineoffifesreli
date: 400
language: English
type: Event

c.600 – 800 Missionaries from Iona and Northumbria
description: The seventh and eighth centuries saw increasing conversion of the Picts (who then inhabited Fife and much of Scotland north of the Forth). Missionaries seem to have come from the island of Iona in the west, and from the Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Northumbria in the south.
source: timelineoffifesreli
date: 600
language: English
type: Event

c.900 – 1050 Céli Dé (or Culdee) Communities Established in Fife
description: In the ninth and tenth centuries a new monastic movement known as the Céli Dé arrived from Ireland. Céli Dé means servants of God and is sometimes spelt as ‘Culdee’ in English. Communities of Céli Dé were established at St Andrews and Loch Leven, as well as several other locations in Scotland.
source: timelineoffifesreli
date: 900
language: English
type: Event

Caiplie Caves, Anstruther
description: The Caves of Caiplie, or the Coves as they are known locally, are found about 3 miles to the east of Anstruther. They are natural caves carved in the rock face by sea action, which in places have been artificially enlarged. They have been long associated with two saints, Ethernan and his later medieval incarnation, Adrian. The largest cave, known as the ‘Chapel Cave’, contains a number of incised and pecked crosses, many of which have been identified as dating from the early middle ages. A further cave, known as the ‘Mortuary Cave’ is 6 metres to the north. In 1841 a long cist cemetery was found in front of this cave and it contains a Pictish arch symbol cut into the wall. The exact way in which these caves were used in the early middle ages is unclear, but it is likely that they were occupied by hermits. Other crosses date from the High and Later Middle Ages, indicating that the caves continued to have a sacred purpose, perhaps as a stopping place on the pilgrim routes to the Isle of May, Crail and St Andrews.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
type: Site

Caiplie Coves
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Cardinal Gray's coat of arms on a window in St Mary's Cathedral in Edinburgh. (Credit: Sheila1988 / Wikimedia)
contributor: Bess Rhodes
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Carmelite Convent, Dysart
description: In May 1930 Dysart House, first built in 1756, was sold to Mrs Elsa af Wetterstedt Mitchell, and a month later she gifted it to the trustees for the Sisters of the Carmelite Community. They established a closed community with room for 24 nuns. The nuns belong to the order known as the Discalced or Teresian Carmelites, who were formed in the sixteenth century by St Teresa of Avila. The convent is dedicated to St Thérèse of Lisieux, a Carmelite nun who died in 1897. In the 1980s it became an Infirmary Carmel, dedicated to caring for sick and older nuns of the order. Mass and other services are now held in the convent for members of the public.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1930
type: Site

Castle Chapel, St Andrews
description: St Andrews Castle was once the home of the bishops of St Andrews. There seems to have been a castle on this site since at least the 1190s. We do not know exactly when the castle chapel was built, but it is likely that there was a place of worship here from an early date. By the late Middle Ages the chapel was located towards the south-eastern corner of the castle. The chapel windows appear to have had a quatrefoil design at the top, not unlike some of the windows on St Leonard’s Chapel. Records from the time of Bishop Kennedy (who died in 1465) reveal that the castle chapel was richly furnished, with hangings, embroidered cushions, and silk and velvet vestments for the priests. Meanwhile early sixteenth-century accounts contain payments for wax candles and the washing of the altar linen at the castle chapel. Following the Reformation St Andrews Castle continued to be occupied for a while, although it is possible that the chapel stopped serving a religious purpose. During the early seventeenth century the castle fell into disrepair, and in 1656 stone from the castle was removed to repair the long pier at St Andrews Harbour.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1190
contributor: Bess Rhodes
type: Site

Cellardyke forest bed
subject: Geology
description: Bed of fossil tree (Lepidodendron) stumps in Carboniferous sequence near Cellardyke, Fife
type: Site

Cellardyke Parish Church
description: The parish church of Cellardyke was constructed in 1882. Two years earlier the arrival of a new minister at the parish church of Kilrenny led to a split in the congregation, with the fisherfolk of Cellardyke joining the Free Church and forming their own parish. In 1929 they rejoined the Church of Scotland. In 2016 a union took place between the Parish Churches of Anstruther and Cellardyke, with the congregation choosing to call the new entity, St Ayle Parish Church. This name was chosen as a tribute to the earliest recorded church in the Anstruther Easter, the fifteenth-century chapel of St Ayle. Since 2019 the congregation has been linked to Crail, sharing facilities and a minister.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1880
type: Site

Cellardyke Parish Church (Source: © Copyright 2021, SCHR Ltd)
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Cellardyke Rose
description: Deformation feature in Carboniferous sandstones near Cellardyke, Fife
source: fifesprehistoricpast
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Cellardyke Rose
source: fifesprehistoricpast
contributor: eulac3d
type: 3D Object
identifier: Upload failed with error: {u'detail': u'Invalid API token'}

Cellardyke Rose model
subject: Geology
description: Deformation structure within the Carboniferous sandstones at Cellardyke, Fife
source: fifesprehistoricpast
format: text/plain Alias/WaveFront Object
type: 3D Object

Central Gospel Mission Revival Centre, Methil
description: In 1952 Alexander Smith listed a number what he described as Other religious bodies in Methil, including a Gospel Hall, the Central Gospel Mission and the Methil Town Mission. It is unclear where that organisation met, but a group with the same name have a premises on Herriot Crescent. They meet on Sunday and Monday, and host a choir and children and youth clubs.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1950?
type: Site

Chalmer’s Memorial Free Church, Backdykes, Anstruther Easter
description: Following the Great Disruption in 1843, the minister of Anstruther Easter, William Ferrie, joined the Free Church, taking around 300 of his congregation with him. They built a small church in 1844 on a site in Hadfoot Wynd. In 1858 a larger, Gothic-style building was constructed on the same site, designed by the architect John Milne of St Andrews. In 1889 they moved again, this time to the Chalmers Memorial Church. Named after Thomas Chalmers, a key figure in the formation of the Free Church who was born in Anstruther, the new church was designed by the architect David Henry. The Free Church congregation joined with the United Presbyterians in Anstruther in 1900 and subsequently formed the Anstruther Chalmers Memorial United Free Church. After re-joining the Church of Scotland in 1929, it was known as Anstruther Chalmers Memorial, until a link was established with St Adrian’s Parish Church in 1973. Ten years later the church fell out of use, and into a derelict state. It was completely destroyed in a fire in 1991. There is no visible trace of the building, and houses have been built on the site.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1880
type: Site

Chalmers Memorial Church c.1890 (Source: Erskine Beveridge Collection)
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Channel, Roome Bay
subject: Geology
description: Channel cut into Carboniferous sandstones at Roome Bay, Crail
source: fifesprehistoricpast
format: image/jpeg
type: Still Image

Chapel of Naughton
description: A chapel was recorded at Naughton in the twelfth century. It was linked to the medieval parish of Forgan. Both Forgan and the Chapel of Naughton were appropriated to St Andrews Cathedral. The site of the chapel is uncertain, but it may have been on or near Peacehill – which was historically known as Kirkhill. The chapel does not appear to have survived the Reformation, and may have been abandoned some time before the sixteenth century.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: 1190
contributor: Dante Clementi
type: Site

Chapel of St Dennis, Pan Ha', Dysart
description: A chapel dedicated to St Denis/Denys, one of the patron saints of France, is thought to have been located at Pan Ha' in Dysart. Writing in 1794, George Muirhead noted the local tradition that the chapel had been part of a Dominican Friary. Cowan and Easson concluded that there is no reliable evidence there was ever a Dominican house in Dysart, although it has been speculated that they owned property in the town. The ruins of the building were converted into a forge shortly before 1794, and an Ordnance Survey of 1954 found some old walls, but no remains of a chapel. There is no firm evidence for the chapel’s existence, with the earliest references dating to the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century.
source: sacredlandscapesoffife
date: Medieval
type: Site